Critically Evaluate Effective International-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Basically Evaluate Why Effective International? Answer: Introducation Quality Human Resource Management for the worldwide neighborliness industry is significant. It has an impact on the brand picture and the workers execution. The executives rehearses enhanhce execution in the association. New measurements uncover the advancement of complex factors in the administration business in view of the worldwide associations. A few variables from outside powers influence the cordiality industrys interior administration. Culture decides the character characteristics of workers in an association due to the sociocultural impacts. Overseeing individuals from various social foundations calls for vital execution so as to guarantee that the brand rises as a pioneer in the business condition. The national enactments give rules to worldwide associations on the most proficient method to deal with its works on including business approaches. HR rehearses in a serious domain likewise depict procedures that shape the brand. The Human Resource Management is a cutting edge hie rarchical factor that covers a wide conversation. The exhibition the board rehearses support successful representative administration through significant procedures, for example, enlistment and preparing. The worldwide cordiality industry has organizations which representative cross outskirt laborers. The laborers need care and dependable installment. This conversation features these key Human Resource Management rehearses along with the difficulties in the worldwide condition. It takes a gander at the prize frameworks and the business understandings for exiles and their advantage frameworks. Worldwide Human Resource Management The development of worldwide associations keeps on changing the plans of action in the cordiality business (Boella Goss-Turner, 2013). The utilization of diversifying as market section techniques encourages associations to spread across outskirts. The representative enlistment process thinks about outside laborers just as new specialists from the host nation. The worldwide neighborliness industry involves inns, eateries, joints, resorts, occasions, adjusted condos, and travel/the travel industry. This is an exceptionally serious industry with incalculable number of workers. Spurred by the longing for efficiency, gainfulness and key arranging, key HRM exploits the worldwide condition for better business opportunity(Marler S.L, 2013). The friendliness business is administration situated and it has a client centered methodology. The entrance of worldwide associations across outskirts has its difficulties and points of interest. Other than making an exceptionally serious condition, the worldwide multinationals in the cordiality business have widened the business by consolidating more organizations with a specialty center to business. This rearrangement of HR rehearses consolidates worldwide cooperation and the human factor. So as to comprehend the elements in these parts, it is critical to characterize the HR components of an organization(Thompson, 2011). It is additionally vital to take a gander at the market factors, which impact HRM rehearses. These are critical in the usage of key administration and decrease of botch causes. Execution Management The high disappointment pace of blundered associations in the worldwide condition is because of human variables. Among them are worker and initiative issues. Poor working conditions, disappointed specialists, worker provocation and unjustifiable business terms are significant foundations for this. Powerful administration of individuals in worldwide associations, for example, inns calls for chance administration through word related security. PM is about hierarchical destinations, and the capacity to adjust these with the staff factors for a serious edge(Cummings Worley, 2014, p. 265). The representative investment makes ready for hierarchical advancement in light of the fact that the laborers give proof based data about their needs. They add to changes and dynamic procedures for work structure, ability the executives, persistent and transformational change. These animate better exhibition around the globe. Execution the board is the adequacy of the workforce portrayed through the worker capabilities and execution (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2012). Execution the board for the friendliness business thinks about the presentation needs in the administration business. It centers around efficiency and the support of human limit on the grounds that the proportions of execution spin around individuals. Representatives influence the procedures in light of the fact that the business gains from quality and effective administrations. Individuals will pay more for brisk booking, café administrations, food, security, and cleanliness administrations. Skilled authority work force guarantee that the representatives see how to cause the client to feel increased in value. The associations capacity to offer extraordinary client experience adds to the budgetary presentation. HR Competencies The business condition calls for able aptitudes for HR pioneers and workers. The aptitudes should coordinate the goals of the association. Examination shows that social properties can characterize change inside a gathering of individuals (Marescaux Luc, 2012). Individuals impact the result of procedures. Laborers who have the self-assurance bolster the association as its continued looking for effective due to the dedication and individual enthusiasm that they have. So as to get the best execution from the laborers, a brand in the accommodation business needs to have solid strategies. As per the Singapore Institute for Human Resource Professionals, guaranteed pioneers in HR must have the national affirmation (WSG, 2017). Having skilled initiative sets a model for different specialists to build up their polished methodology for brand value. A portion of the fundamental aptitudes required for the cordiality business incorporate help greatness, client care and propelled the board. All inns and vacationer offices look to convey magnificent client care. Having a capable group in the culinary, activities, administration and the executives units adds to consumer loyalty. Delicate abilities, for example, character qualities and hard aptitudes like baked good aptitudes are significant in the business (Adams Sisson, 2013). These capabilities may fluctuate starting with one association then onto the next yet there should be a harmony between specialized aptitudes and individual capacities. Determination and Recruitment Representatives prospecting for openings for work in the worldwide neighborliness industry need able abilities so as to fit in to the key associations. The arrangement of abilities with hierarchical desires is a best practice. Capable associations enlist profoundly qualified work force who depict proficient and individual points of interest. The Selection and enrollment of workers must identify with the necessary abilities. The set of working responsibilities for a visitor administration fragment needs to catch administration aptitudes, amiability, and an amiable character. Correspondence capacities apply over all employments in light of the fact that the business rotates around individuals. Recruiting clumsy work force may prompt certain dangers, for example, carelessness, which can bring down the brand image(Citchley, 2017). A thorough enrollment process follows authoritative HR approaches, industry principles and worldwide patterns. It is vain to put resources into equipped authoritative structures yet bargain on significant security subtleties. Present day cordiality focuses like inns face worldwide dangers, for example, fear mongering. Sightseers visiting any zone far and wide are interested to comprehend what arrangements are accessible. The assurance of representative information is additionally a significant move by current associations because of online exchanges and appointments made by visitors. Diversified inns can't overlook the estimation of secure shared innovation in the conveyance of administration and the board practices(Mell Grance, 2011). Estimated administration is productive on the grounds that it guarantees that there is most extreme utilization of assets and representative abilities. The Induction Process. The cordiality part is tied in with offering administrations to people groups. Contemporary associations in the business receive procedures that upgrade the client encounters. Invitingness, kindness and customized administrations urge clients to return for additional. Accordingly, associations put resources into a key workforce for a superior turnover and worker work fulfillment. Enlistment establishes the framework for this arrangement by planning workers for profitability through powerful execution. This stage adjusts the representative to the brands goals, standard of activity and culture. The organizing of the enlistment procedure guarantees that workers experience the associations methodology and arrangements viably. In the friendliness business, this turns into a test on account of the duplication of value benefits over the sub branches. The JD procedure considers competitors dependent on their detail, advert situation, evaluations and competency interviews. Workers need to concur with their pioneers on the Key Performance Indicators (KPI) and how to accomplish them(Maitra Srivastava, 2016). The dynamic procedure illuminates laborers on the associations esteems, missions, vision and client base. Equipped working techniques rely upon the aptitudes depicted by the representatives. The structures spread out by the brand must empower powerful cooperation by representatives for execution. The supervisory crew defines the objective from the second a representative joins the association. Preparing and Talent Management. Distinctive staff have singular capacities and skills, which supplement their expert preparing. It is the job of the Human Resource Management to take advantage of these capacities for the better of the organization(Dries, 2013). Preparing fills in the hole between aptitudes hole and hierarchical needs. Essential preparing in the utilization of innovation apparatuses, for example, tablets, cell phones and innovation gadgets is significant. Contemporary methodologies in the executives and tasks incorporate the utilization of programming administration applications for productivity. These are frameworks c

Pilgrimage essays

Journey expositions As ahead of schedule as the fourth century A.D. journey began creating. This previously began happen after Emperor Constantine authorizes Christianity. As Christianity was at that point legitimately spreading it increased numerous devotees who needed to pick up purging in their spirits and salvation by going to holly places, for example, Jerusalem. Journey is in a manner an excursion to a Spiritual change communicated in a demonstration of tribute to the divinity and its initial agents including travel to a heavenly site. The vast majority of the spots where individuals would go to a journey, for example, Canterbury (St. Theodores bones) in England or Santiago de Compostela (St. James bones) in Spain are associated with relics. This is a physical item with sacrosanct importance. What was so holy? It was a case of the contact of the psychological world with the otherworldly. It was a case of resurrection of Christ. Physical mending was a significant purpose behind individuals to go to a journey. The Pilgrimage changed its structure with the hundreds of years. At the 11-thirteenth hundreds of years the Crusades were called journey. The world campaign wasnt utilized. During the 12-sixteenth hundreds of years journey was kind of reduction of retribution. It was to clear one from ones errors. The way that one has just arranged and is en route to a journey implied that he is as of now pardoned for his deeds. Journey helped for otherworldly change as well as for monetary development for the land that was visited by the travelers. Additionally, journey helped for better geological comprehension of outside nations and in any event, for the making of maps. It was valuable for individuals from one side of the world to comprehend the way of life, the craftsmanship, music and engineering of individuals from the opposite side of the world. It was significant that during journey individuals would do some exchange even here and there gifts. ... <!

How Students with Learning Disabilities Can Write the College Essay

How Students with Learning Disabilities Can Write the College Essay How to Write a College Essay When You Have Learning Differences How to Write a College Essay When You Have Learning Differences You sit down to start writing your college admissions essay. Maybe you wonder whether you should write about your learning differences. Perhaps you have dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, APD, LPD, ASD, and/or ADHD. Whatever the case may be, we bet your learning differences have played a big role in your education, and maybe even your life beyond the classroom, so   Should You Address Your Learning Difference in Your Common App Essay? It’s a valid question! But in the end, the answer is probably not. Your personal statement is your chance to speak to admissions officers in your own voice. It should focus on your strengths, background, or goals. We understand why writing about your learning difference might be important to you. But does it define you? Try to brainstorm a few other ideas before you make your final decision. Is your learning difference the one thing that you want admissions to remember about you? What else drives, motivates, or inspires you? We bet you’ve got a secret skill or passion, too! Maybe you will decide that your learning disability* is so important for admissions to know that you want to write 650 words about it. Then you have to make another decision… Should You Write A Personal Statement or Additional Information Essay about Your Learning Difference? If you want admissions officers to know about your learning disability, you don’t have to write about it in your personal statement. You can write an additional information essay instead. This is an optional essay that you can add to your Common App. The additional information prompt reads: “Please provide an answer below if you wish to provide details of circumstances or qualifications not reflected in the application. You may enter up to 650 words.” The additional information essay is the perfect space to explain personal difficulties like: learning differences low grades or test scores special accommodations like extra time on exams disciplinary issues If your learning difference hasn’t had a negative effect on your life, we suggest skipping the additional information section. If you choose to write an additional information essay, you won’t have to choose between writing about your learning disability* or a different topic. You can save your personal statement for a more unique topic. Maybe your knack for knitting sweaters for penguins, love for Papa John’s pizza, or deep knowledge of Costco! What If You Really Want to Write Your Personal Statement about Your Learning Difference? As we have said, you should only write your personal statement about your learning difference if you absolutely can’t think of another topic! But at the end of the day, it’s your choice. If you decide to write about your learning difference, then the Common Application’s Prompt 2 is a great option to back your essay into. That prompt reads: “The lessons we take from obstacles we encounter can be fundamental to later success. Recount a time when you faced a challenge, setback, or failure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn from the experience?” This prompt asks for a story about resilience, which is exactly how we think you should write about your learning difference. How Should You Address Your Learning Difference in a College Essay? If you decide to write about the learning disability* in your application (preferably the additional information section), you should tell a story of success. Write about a struggle you overcame. You don’t want your essay to present you as a victim. You also don’t want admissions officers to question your ability to keep up with college-level work. So do not dwell on your struggles or setbacks. Instead, celebrate your solutions and achievements! A few questions to think about as you write your essay: How do you make lemonade out of the lemons that life has given you? How has your learning disability* affected the way you understand the world? How has overcoming your challenge made your more confident or assertive? Whatever you write about your dyslexia, ADD, or LPD, we would recommend getting a second opinion before you submit your application. Ask a trusted friend, family member, teacher, or essay expert for honest feedback. At the end of the day, it is most important to tell a story that shows who you really are! *You might have noticed that we used the terms “learning difference” and “learning disability” interchangeably in this article. The reason we did so is because the Federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) doesn’t count learning differences or learning challenges as disabilities. In order to receive support, services, and equal access to employment, people need to be classified as having a Specific Learning Disability (SLD). More information on this here. About Kat StubingView all posts by Kat Stubing » Want to work one-on-one with an Advisor from our team? Don't wait. CONTACT US »

George Washington Carver Essay - 1774 Words

George Washington Carver was a African American scientist who showed many intriguing thoughts of nature throughout his life span of being one of the most dedicated scientist. George was born in Diamond Missouri, but his exact date of birth is not known by people. Never the less, one of the most remarkable inventors was born. Many people speculate that he was born sometime in January in 1964, while others believe he was born in June. George was born as a small and weak baby, and he had his first challenge of overcoming various obstacles as a baby. Possibly one of his biggest goals that he had to overcome was growing up without having any parents. His father was killed in an accident while he was just a baby. George lived in a small cabin†¦show more content†¦In exchange Carver would do house chores as well as anything else for food and a place to sleep while he attended school. While going through school, Carver always maintained his interest in plants. He would go to various gardens that were around the area and do research on any rare plants that he saw. George was always in search and willing to learn something new everyday, that’s what made him standout from everyone else. From the age of 13 until the age of 20, he was moving from place to place, living with mostly African American families as he was seeking and wanting to learn more. Carver was looked at as not just an ordinary child by people. He was very talented and always kept busy in his spare time, he never believed in having free time. If the opportunity would present itself, and if Carver had free time, he would sing, play music, and paint/draw whatever was in his mind at that time. In 1885, Carver applied to Highland College in Kansas, and was accepted into the college with no problems. When he went to begin class, he was turned down from the school, because they did not accept African American’s into the school. Carver wanted to go to school in Kansas, but every school that he would go to would turn him down because of his ethnic background he has. He never gave up though, Carver was on a mission to continue his search for education. In 1889, Carver went to a small town in Iowa called Winterset, CarverShow MoreRelated George Washington Carver Essay621 Words   |  3 Pages George Washington Carver George Washington Carver was born in Diamond Grove, Missouri during the spring of 1864 or 1865. Like many slaves, he was uncertain of his birth date. His mother, Mary, was a slave who belonged to Moses and Susan Carver. As an infant, slave raiders kidnapped his mother. The childless carvers reared George and his older brother, James. Growing up, George was captivated by plants. Many neighbors referred to him as the â€Å"Plant Doctor†. Since Carver was an African AmericanRead More george washington carver Essay500 Words   |  2 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;George Washington Carver nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;George Washington Carver was born during the civil war years on a Missouri farm near Diamond Grove, Newton Country in Marion, Township Missouri. Even Carver himself was uncertain of his own birth date. In early manhood he thought that he was born in the year of 1865. On other occasions Carver noted that his birth came â€Å"near the end of the civil war† orRead MoreFacts on George Washington Carver 576 Words   |  2 Pages Facts on George Washington Carver At the age of 14 George Washington Carver witnessed a black man being drug out into the streets to be hung and burned. At the time when African Americans were looked down upon George Washington Carver was a very successful with what he did in Ag and science. When George Washington Carver was a small child he was abandoned by his biological parents and left on the lawn of his adopted parents house. George Washington Carver had a rough childhood and he wasRead MoreEssay on George Washington Carver1242 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Washington Carver was born into slavery January of 1860 on the Moses Carver plantation in Diamond Grove, Missouri. He spent the first year of his life, the brutal days of border war, between Missouri and neighboring Kansas. George was a very sickly child with a whooping cough, which later lead to his speech impediment, and he was tiny and puny. Georges father, James Carver, died in a wood hauling accident when he was bringing wood to his masters house one day. George was sick a great dealRead MoreGeorge Washington Carver Difficult Path to Great Accomplishments565 Words   |  2 Pages George Washington Carver was born on July 12, 1864, during the Civil War, in Diamond Grove, Missouri. He was one of many children born to Mary and Giles, an enslaved couple owned by Moses Carver. Just a week after his birth, George was kidnapped along with his sister and mother. All of the three were sold in Kentucky, and among them the only who was located was infant George by an agent of Moses Carver, whom then returned George back to Missouri. Moses Carver and his wife, Susan, keptRead MoreBenjamin Franklin And George Washington Carver1958 Words   |  8 PagesConstitution or finding new uses for a farm product, they all come together to benefit the history of the United States of America. Benjamin Franklin and George Washington Carver were one of many to succeed in such progression. They helped shape the United States through their outstanding accomplishments in their innovative ideas and values. Franklin and Carver were both intelligent and prolific scientist and inventors. They often focused their works on what they stood for. Both men shared the profound valueRead MoreThe Ghost1265 Words   |  6 PagesNate and hunched her shoulder then took a seat in an old ladder-back chair. When I mentioned to your granddad that my schools biology department has launched a campaign to collect all known writing of George Washington Carver, he invited me to look through these old books. George Washington Carver was a botanist, Nate said, joining Will on the floor. Not a writer. He taught at Tuskegee Institute. He must have left behind some writings on farming, as well as documentation of his research,Read MoreAnalysis Of George Washington Carver s The Golden Door Of Freedom 1736 Words   |  7 PagesGeorge Washington Carver once said â€Å"Education is the key to unlock the golden door of freedom.† Freedom can be defined in various ways by different people. To many immigrants, America is often seen as that opportunity of freedom, the freedom to learn, the freedom to love, and even just the freedom to exist. In this paper, I will put into words the story behind a second generation female immigrant’s experiences. By using various articles and notes given in class, I will talk about her and her family’sRead MoreThe History of Art at Iowa State University Essay776 Words   |  4 Pagescampus public art collections in the United States. There are over 2,000 works of public art (George Washington Carver). The foundation of the contempora ry Art on Campus Collection and Program began during the Depression in the 1930s, when Iowa States President Hughes envisioned that, The arts would enrich and provide substantial intellectual exploration into our college curricula† (George Washington Carver). Who doesn’t love art? Every day you wake up and experience some sort of artwork; whetherRead MoreLeadership Management Paper W1 LDR 3001045 Words   |  5 Pagesyoung age, George Washington Carver took a strong grip on his destiny. This dynamic leader prevailed over getting born without a name into slavery, overcoming poverty, and prejudice to commit his life in helping others achieve a better livelihood. Through his actions, he was able to earn high levels of respect of self-worth, dignity, honor, and infinite achievement. Booker T. Washington was the first president and principal of the Tuskegee Institute in 1896. Booker T. Washington sent an invitation

Should Junk Food Be Banned at School - 1699 Words

Should junk food be allowed at school? Junk food is generally defined as â€Å"a diet high in processed foods and soft drinks† (Wiles et al., 2009, p.1). By definition, junk food contains artificial food colorings and preservatives, including fast food, oily foods, snacks and high sugary beverage. Students usually eat snacks between meals. According to McPhail et al. (2011), the snacking habit among students has increased in the past twenty years. This means students are taking more junk food in a higher chance every day. It is generally recognized that junk food is bad for health, while some scholars and researches argued that healthy snacks are beneficial to adolescents.( Martine et al. , 2011) However, the effects of junk food to teenagers†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, selling junk food at schools can save time and expenses of students. It is because the second way for student to consume junk food at school is the meal programs (Diamond, 2011). For instance, hamburgers, pizzas and fried chicken are existed in the school meal programs. Despite the fact that school meal programs should not include junk food due to the low nutritional value, there are many concerns when schools have to decide the meal programs choices, such as the funding from school and the budgetary pressure (Gordon et al., 2007a). The cost of fast food are cheaper than making healthy food lunch since most of the fast food are processed already. Thus, students can enjoy the food after reheating them. Fast food saves time and it saves many unimportant expenses like the labor force. However, school must function as a parent and do what is best for the students when a student is away from their parents. School has responsibility to monitor a child’s diet, make sure those meals do not include junk food. Besides, schools should set a good example of nutritious eating for students. Consequently, junk food should be banned from school and this would fit in well with nutrition curriculum in health classes. In addition, some might argue that reject junk food cause imbalanced nutrition. Also, Richards et al., (2009) claim that pre-school children snacking habit can be affected by using social marketing tactics, likeShow MoreRelatedShould Junk Food Be Banned in Schools1647 Words   |  7 Pages06 4 May 2013 Should Junk Food Be Banned in schools? My aunt, who has been in New York City for more than 20 years, told me that in the past, she always made her two sons’ lunches to take to school during school years which was more nutritive and less expensive. Her sons at that time were energetic and played outside a lot. But soon after, they did not bring their own lunches anymore. They asked for money from my aunt to purchase food in school canteens. Possibly my aunt thoughtRead MoreJunk Food Should Be Banned In Schools774 Words   |  4 Pagesor not junk food should be banned in schools. One side believes that students have the freedom to choose whatever they what to eat. While the other side argues that junk food needs to be replaced by a healthier alternative. There are plenty of different arguments that these sides believes in. For the concern of the health and wellness of the students, schools must completely ban all junk food in school. It has been implied by a number of news sources and other people that school junk food bans areRead MoreArgumentative Essay - Junk Food1617 Words   |  7 PagesShould the sale of junk food in school cafeterias be banned? In more traditional years, parents had to prepare packed lunch for their kids when going to school. However, in present times, most parents are already incapable of doing such things. This is because they lack the luxury of time with the hectic schedules that they have. Parents tend to just give money to their children to purchase what they need. Given this kind of situation, students are exposed to a variety of options and they areRead MoreThe Importance Of Junk Food In Schools771 Words   |  4 PagesWhy â€Å"Junk Food† should stay in school It’s been said in multiple states across America that the junk food sold in schools is causing many problems. Problems such as unhealthy habits, affecting the brain, and childhood obesity. The government and many school districts have done multiple things to reduce/stop the problem. They have done research dealing with the junk food and tried banning junk food, which many school districts did not continue with. Junk food should not be banned in schools becauseRead MoreJunk Food872 Words   |  4 PagesJunk food has been getting a bad rap recently in society. It is believed that junk food is a leading factor in childhood obesity and should not be allowed in public schools. Due to this many school systems have enacted bans, or strict regulations that limit or completely exclude junk food in schools. Junk food should not be banned in schools because schools profit and are able to fund education and extracurricular activities through selling it, junk food isn’t as harmfu l as one would think, and evenRead MoreJunk Food in Schools1480 Words   |  6 Pages TAL 201 May 6, 2013 Current Issues Paper Junk Food In Schools Introduction Although not easy to admit, it is a fact that a big percentage of the world’s population today likes junk food. Many people have become accustomed to eating foods with high levels of refined sugars, processed grains, and a number of other unhealthy ingredients (Trice, 2010). Essentially, companies have replaced nature’s own ingredients with highly processed products and chemicals to reduce costs, extend shelf lifeRead MoreEssay On Junk Food935 Words   |  4 Pages Ban of Junk Foods Candy, chips, juice, and fries! Our favorite foods being snatched from our eyes. The topic of whether junk food should be banned or not in schools is becoming more controversial throughout the country. The government has enforced healthy nutritious meals for kids worldwide due to the rapid spread of child obesity. Junk food should not be banned in schools because junk food is not considered the number one cause of obesity, it can help build the school financially and studentsRead MoreFood Stamps and Junk Food822 Words   |  3 PagesWhat do you mostly spend your money on? Thesis: Mostly everyone spends their money on junk food and clothes. Most teenagers that are attending high school have jobs. Like I said most teens! They are either working because they believe that having their own money will prevent them from asking their parents for any type of financial help for anything. Most teens start work at fast-foods places, shoe stores and retail jobs. Once they get that bi-weekly check my question to you is what do you spendRead MoreEssay On Junk Food In Schools1222 Words   |  5 Pages90 percent of school lunches refrain from serving fresh foods (â€Å"The Real Problem with Lunch†). School lunches are no longer prepared from scratch easily now entrusted to highly processed foods. Clearly, one-third of American children’s diet consists of fast food (â€Å"The Real Problem with Lunch†). Junk foods in schools have become a profound issue in many states of the US. Laws have been formulated to forbid unwholesome meals by expelling or reducing the accessibility of related foods held by the institutesRe ad MorePros And Cons Of Junk Food801 Words   |  4 PagesRelease the ban! There should not be a reason why junk food is practically banned in the school systems today. The Government makes a huge amount of profit from people buying junk food for themselves and for their kids. Some people know how to control how much they eat and exercise to stay away from obesity. It is in the people’s control of what they can and cannot eat not the governments. The Government should release the junk food ban on school districts because, schools aren’t making money anymore

The Effects of Lsd Free Essays

LSD was first synthesized on November 16, 1938 by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann at the Sandoz Laboratories in Basel, Switzerland as part of a large research program searching for medically useful ergot alkaloid derivatives. LSD’s psychedelic properties were discovered 5 years later when Hofmann himself accidentally ingested an unknown quantity of the chemical. The first intentional ingestion of LSD occurred on April 19, 1943, when Hofmann ingested 250 mg of LSD. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Lsd or any similar topic only for you Order Now He said this would be a threshold dose based on the dosages of other ergot alkaloids. Hofmann found the effects to be much stronger than he anticipated. Sandoz Laboratories introduced LSD as a psychiatric drug in 1947. Beginning in the 1950s the US Central Intelligence Agency began a research program code named Project MKULTRA. Experiments included administering LSD to CIA employees, military personnel, doctors, other government agents, prostitutes, mentally ill patients, and members of the general public in order to study their reactions, usually without the subject’s knowledge. The project was revealed in the US congressional Rockefeller Commission report in 1975. In 1963 the Sandoz patents expired on LSD. Also in 1963, the US Food and Drug Administration classified LSD as an Investigational New Drug, which meant new restrictions on medical and scientific use. [ Several figures, including Aldous Huxley, Timothy Leary, and Al Hubbard, began to advocate the consumption of LSD. LSD became central to the counterculture of the 1960s. On October 24, 1968, possession of LSD was made illegal in the United States. The last FDA approved study of LSD in patients ended in 1980, while a study in healthy volunteers was made in the late 1980s. Legally approved and regulated psychiatric use of LSD continued in Switzerland until 1993. Today, medical research is resuming around the world. Lysergic acid diethylamide, abbreviated LSD or LSD-25, also known as lysergide (INN) and colloquially as acid, is a semisynthetic psychedelic drug of the ergoline family, well known for its psychological effects which can include altered thinking processes, closed and open eye visuals, synesthesia, an altered sense of time and spiritual experiences, as well as for its key role in 1960s counterculture. It is used mainly as an entheogen, recreational drug, and as an agent in psychedelic therapy. LSD is non-addictive, is not known to cause brain damage, and has extremely low toxicity relative to dose. However, adverse psychiatric reactions such as anxiety, paranoia, and delusions are possible. LSD was first synthesized by Albert Hofmann in 1938 from ergotamine, a chemical derived by Arthur Stoll from ergot, a grain fungus that typically grows on rye. The short form â€Å"LSD† comes from its early code name LSD-25, which is an abbreviation for the German â€Å"Lysergsaure-diethylamid† followed by a sequential number. LSD is sensitive to oxygen, ultraviolet light, and chlorine, especially in solution, though its potency may last for years if it is stored away from light and moisture at low temperature. In pure form it is a colorless, odorless, tasteless solid. LSD is typically delivered orally, usually on a substrate such as absorbent blotter paper, a sugar cube, or gelatin. In its liquid form, it can also be administered by intramuscular or intravenous injection. LSD is very potent, with 20–30  µg (micrograms) being the threshold dose. New experiments with LSD have started in 2009 for the first time in 40 years. Introduced by Sandoz Laboratories, with trade-name Delysid, as a drug with various psychiatric uses in 1947, LSD quickly became a therapeutic agent that appeared to show great promise. In the 1950s, officials at the U. S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) thought the drug might be applicable to mind control and chemical warfare; the agency’s MKULTRA research program propagated the drug among young servicemen and students. The subsequent recreational use of the drug by youth culture in the Western world during the 1960s led to a political firestorm that resulted in its prohibition. Currently, a number of organizations—including the Beckley Foundation, MAPS, Heffter Research Institute and the Albert Hofmann Foundation—exist to fund, encourage and coordinate research into the medicinal and spiritual uses of LSD and related psychedelics. LSD can cause pupil dilation, reduced or increased appetite, and wakefulness. Other physical reactions to LSD are highly variable and nonspecific, some of which may be secondary to the psychological effects of LSD. Among the reported symptoms are numbness, weakness, nausea, hypothermia or hyperthermia, elevated blood sugar, goose bumps, heart rate increase, jaw clenching, perspiration, saliva production, mucus production, sleeplessness, hyperreflexia, and tremors. Some users, including Albert Hofmann, report a strong metallic taste for the duration of the effects. LSD is not considered addictive by the medical community. Rapid tolerance build-up prevents regular use,[citation needed] and cross-tolerance has been demonstrated between LSD, mescaline[ and psilocybin. This tolerance diminishes after a few days after cessation of use and is probably caused by down regulation of 5-HT2A receptors in the brain. LSD’s psychological effects (colloquially called a â€Å"trip†) vary greatly from person to person, depending on factors such as previous experiences, state of mind and environment, as well as dose strength. They also vary from one trip to another, and even as time pass during a single trip. An LSD trip can have long-term psych emotional effects; some users cite the LSD experience as causing significant changes in their personality and life perspective [citation needed]. Widely different effects emerge based on what Timothy Leary called set and setting; the â€Å"set† being the general mindset of the user, and the â€Å"setting† being the physical and social environment in which the drug’s effects are experienced. Some psychological effects may include an experience of radiant colors, objects and surfaces appearing to ripple or â€Å"breathe†, colored patterns behind the closed eyelids (eidetic imagery), an altered sense of time (time seems to be stretching, repeating itself, changing speed or stopping), crawling geometric patterns overlaying walls and other objects, morphing objects, a sense that one’s thoughts are spiraling into themselves, loss of a sense of identity or the ego (known as â€Å"ego death†), and other powerful psycho-physical reactions. Many users experience dissolution between themselves and the â€Å"outside world†. This unitive quality may play a role in the spiritual and religious aspects of LSD. The drug sometimes leads to disintegration or restructuring of the user’s historical personality and creates a mental state that some users report allows them to have more choice regarding the nature of their own personality. If the user is in a hostile or otherwise unsettling environment, or is not mentally prepared for the powerful distortions in perception and thought that the drug causes, effects are more likely to be unpleasant than if he or she is in a comfortable environment and has a relaxed, balanced and open mindset. LSD causes an altered sensory experience of senses, emotions, memories, time, and awareness for 6 to 14 hours, depending on dosage and tolerance. Generally beginning within thirty to ninety minutes after ingestion, the user may experience anything from subtle changes in perception to overwhelming cognitive shifts. Changes in auditory and visual perception are typical. Visual effects include the illusion of movement of static surfaces (â€Å"walls breathing†), after mage-like trails of moving objects (â€Å"tracers†), the appearance of moving colored geometric patterns (especially with closed eyes), an intensification of colors and brightness (â€Å"sparkling†), new textures on objects, blurred vision, and shape suggestibility. Users commonly report that the inanimate world appears to animate in an unexplainable way; for instance, objects that are static in three dimensions can seem to be moving relative to one or more additional spatial dimensions. Many of the ba sic visual effects resemble the phosphine seen after applying pressure to the eye and have also been studied under the name â€Å"form constants†. The auditory effects of LSD may include echo-like distortions of sounds, changes in ability to discern concurrent auditory stimuli, and a general intensification of the experience of music. Higher doses often cause intense and fundamental distortions of sensory perception such as synesthesia, the experience of additional spatial or temporal dimensions, and temporary dissociation. The potential uses of LSD end of life anxiety, alcoholism, pain, cluster headaches, spiritual, and creativity. These are the potential adverse effects: adverse drug interactions, mental disorders, and suggestibility and also psychosis. How to cite The Effects of Lsd, Essay examples

When the Kids Say No More Essay Example For Students

When the Kids Say No More Essay My ex-husband had a habit of telling our two children, Im coming topick you both up. But he never showed up, so the kids started doingthe same to him. He would call, and the kids startedrefusing to speak with him on the phone. When he cameover to pick them up, they refused to go with him.He started blaming me, for the situation he created, but I had nothing to do with the way the children treated him. All I knew, my kids did not wish to go with him and I wasnt going to force them to go. After their father left, I took themaside and asked, What is going on? The kids told me,We are sick and tired of being stood up by him. I was shocked at what Ihad just heard from the two of them. They also stated,We want him to know how it hurts to have someone else come before you.Everything the children were telling me, I had told totheir father many times before. Now, he was experienceinghow they felt whenhe stood them up or he didnt call. There is a Biblesaying, You reap what you sow. Now he was feelingAfter three months of this treatment, he finally askedthe children, Whats going on, why dont you two want tosee me, talk to me, or go any where with me? They responded,Remember all the times youve had us sitting and waiting on you,and you never showed up, or when we call to talk with you, and you put us off for your friends. Well, we wanted you to see how we felt when you did it to us.Now their father knows that for every action there is aBibliography:

Animal Research Essays (648 words) - Product Certification, Diets

The Cost of Food: Is Quality Worth The Cost Trade Off? There is a tremendous difference between natural and processed foods. The most fundamental differences are the method of growing and processing, the nutrient content of the food, and cost. Currently there is a trend towards healthier diet in the U.S., because of the diseases and health issues that have a direct relationship to the types and amounts of foods consumed. The natural or organic growing process is different, because do not use artificial fertilizers and pesticides to speed up growing times, or pesticides that leave residues that at toxic. Natural foods are simple and basic. Natural foods require no processing and are ready to eat off the vine or out the pan. Processed foods are altered from the beginning with fertilizers, pesticides, and other modifications that leave harmful traces or residues. Natural or organic foods are closer to their natural state and have more vitamins and nutrients and are better for your health. The conflict is that they are usually more expensive and have a shorter shelf life as a result of not having preservatives or additives. The primary goal of processing is to lengthen of the shelf life so that large amount can be sold over longer periods of time. This is more efficient in that it can be mass produced, use mass distribution, and be cost effective. The problem is that processing methods use additives, preservatives, un-natural genetic materials, and radiation and heat treatments that alter or destroy the natural healthy vitamins and minerals. Manufactures patent some of the processing methods that they use, and that means it is essentially a secret or mystery to consumer as to what they did or what was added. Natural foods are generally one or possibly two isles of the store, but the processed foods comprise the remainder of the store. There are not the only differences in the location in the store, the packages or containers, the levels of freshness, and the general appearance of the food itself. The processed foods are packaged for longer shelf life, whereas the natural food usually has a much shorter shelf life, because it is fresh and spoil much quicker due to the fact that it does not contain preservatives and other additives which drastically change the foods (appearances, texture, and nutrient content). Natural foods are simple and basic. Natural foods require no processing and are ready to eat off the vine or out the pan. Natural foods are simple and basic. Natural foods require no processing and are ready to eat off the vine or out the pan. Processed foods have been altered from the beginning with fertilizers, pesticides, and other modifications that leave harmful traces or res idues. . The cost or economics of natural foods in comparison to processed foods are also the determining factors. All the concerns the debate of natural versus processed centers around cost in one way or another. From the field (production) to the shelf (consumption) every aspect is viewed from the perspective of cost. The health issues that are associated with healthy food (food that has the natural nutritional value) to the processed foods (foods that possibly have negative side effects) that drive up health cost indirectly as a result. The corporations are constantly finding ways to cheaply process food and manipulate buyers, regardless of the detrimental effects on the health of Americans. In conclusion there are many influencing factors in this debate. The manner of marketing the products, production cost, the Western lifestyle (quick, easy to prepare, and inexpensive), the conditioning of taste choices, education, social position, and the economic behavior of both consumers and corporations. . References Healthy Eating Politics Alternative Views of Food and Health, Initials. (2008). Healthy eating politics alternative views on food and health. Retrieved from http://healthy-eating-politics.com/processed-foods.html Retrieved 6/2/2011

Definition and Examples of Prolepsis in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Prolepsis in Rhetoric (1) In rhetoric, prolepsis is foreseeing and forestalling objections to an argument. Adjective: proleptic. Similar to procatalepsis. Also called anticipation. (2) Similarly, prolepsis is a  figurative device by which a future event is presumed to have already occurred. Etymology:  From the Greek, preconception, anticipation Examples and Observations In the ancient art of rhetoric, prolepsis stood for the anticipation of possible objections to a speech. This anticipation enabled the speaker to provide answers to objections before anyone had the chance to even raise them. In other words, the speaker takes the role/attitude of the listener while preparing or delivering his speech, and he tries to assess in advance what possible objections could be raised.(A. C. Zijderveld, On Clichà ©s: The Supersedure of Meaning by Function in Modernity. Routledge, 1979)In 1963, Nobel Prize-winning economist William Vickrey suggested that [automobile] insurance be included in the purchase of tires. Anticipating the objection that this might lead people to drive on bald tires, Vickrey said drivers should get credit for the remaining tread when they turn in a tire. Andrew Tobias proposed a variation on this scheme in which insurance would be included in the price of gasoline. That would have the added benefit of solving the problem of uninsured mot orists (roughly 28% of California drivers). As Tobias points out, you can drive a car without insurance, but you cant drive it without gasoline.(Ian Ayres and Barry Nalebuff, Would You Buy Car Insurance by the Mile? Forbes, 2005) [P]rolepsis is a form of looking ahead, of assuming something to be the case before it has been encountered, a foreshadowing in some sense. Novelists do this all the time when they hint at things to come, or when they omit information, almost as if they thought the reader already knew it. The result of such prolepsis [is] that the reader (or hearer) creates, rather than passively receives, the information necessary to complete the scene or circumstances that the writer (or speaker) merely hints at.(Leo van Lier, The Ecology and Semiotics of Language Learning: A Sociocultural Perspective. Kluwer, 2004)In the movie The Empire Strikes Back (1980), Luke Skywalker says, Im not afraid, to which Jedi master Yoda responds, You will be. Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) contains proleptic scenes of future nuclear devastation envisioned by a woman whose son is the target of a robot sent back in time to kill him.(Ross Murfin and Supryia M. Ray, The Bedford Glossary of Critical and Literary Term s, 2nd ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2003) Procatalepsis is another relative of the hypophora. While the hypophora can ask any sort of question, the procatalepsis deals specifically with objections, and it usually does so without even asking the question, as in this example: Many other experts want to classify Sanskrit as an extinct language, but I do not. By directly addressing objections, procatalepsis lets the writer further his or her argument and satisfy readers at the same time. Strategically, procatalepsis shows your readers that you have anticipated their concern, and have already thought them through. It is, therefore, especially effective in argumentative essays.(Brendan McGuigan, Rhetorical Devices: A Handbook and Activities for Student Writers. Prestwick House, 2007) Pronunciation: pro-LEP-sis

Strengths and Weakness as a writer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strengths and Weakness as a writer - Essay Example Currently, writing in college begins when you had an assignment and instructed to research on a particular topic (Wyrick, 2013). Alternatively, you may perform an experiment in the lab and be required to analyze, discuss and offer a conclusion about the information you obtain from the analysis. It is during the study/research, or after the experiment that you start writing. It happens when you are combining information from different sources such as journal article, books. In the end, you have to document your sources to avoid plagiarism. Such tasks are usually longer and necessitate the combination of multiple writing strategies in unique ways to address the task thoroughly, objective, and audience. Difficulties emerge when I cannot find the information that I need from other sources to assist me in comparing or learning something new, which usually happens when the topic I am studying is unique or has received little research in the academic world. During such periods, I am regularly compelled to utilize whatever source and combine it with my knowledge to develop a meaningful conclusion. My strengths lie in being able to analyze information and coming up with a good end. I can compare numerous sources, and derive the required data. My limitation is being slow during writing. I can enhance my writing experience by reading different books to gain a wider understanding of the relationship between biology and the world and by practicing writing articles in blogs regarding issues and topics that touch biology.

Policy in Lundy Marine Nature Reserve Yields Positive Results Article

Policy in Lundy Marine Nature Reserve Yields Positive Results - Article Example It is administered by the Torridge district of the county of Devon. It has a total area of 4.24 km2 and has a resident population of 18 people located at the south of the island. The island was leased by the National Trust to the Landmark Trust. It was named as the 10th greatest natural wonder in Britain by the 2005 opinion poll of Radio Times (wikipedia, 2006). Due to the development of the aqualung, Lundy's incredibly diverse marine plants and animals were discovered. The array includes rare and unusual species such as the solitary cup corals, sea fans and sponges. An explanation offered for the diversity is the variety of underwater habitats in its seabed. The variety in shelter coupled with the also varied water current conditions present in the area gave opportunities for a wider variety of species that can inhabit the waters of the island. (Lundy Org, 2006) This discovery served as the stimulant for legislation aimed at protecting the area. It started with a 1971 proposal by the Lundy Field Society to establish a marine reserve and finalized with the 1986 announcement of the then Secretary of State for the Environment designating Lundy as a statutory reserve. Lundy is England's only statutory Marine Nature Reserve. The reserve is managed in partnership by English Nature, the Environment Agency, Devon Sea Fisheries Committee (DSFC), the National Trust and ... A warden is employed by the Landmark Trust for the oversight of the reserve. (ENO, 2004) Policies The Marine Nature Reserve employs a zoning scheme and is illustrated below (Lundy Org, 2006): Zones within the Marine Nature Reserve: The Red Area is the No-Take Zone The Yellow Area is the Refuge Zone: no fishing except potting or angling. The Green Area is the Recreational Zone: restrictions the same for the Refuge Zone (yellow) but be aware of other water users The Black Circles indicate legally Protected Wrecks : no diving or fishing without a license from English Heritage is allowed The Blue Area covers the rest of the Marine Nature Reserve and is the General Use Zone: all activities allowed except spear fishing. A prominent feature of the zoning scheme is the NO TAKE ZONE (NTZ). This zone employs the policy of prohibiting fishing and even collection of any kind of sea life in the waters east of Lundy. The implementation of this policy is ensured by the DSFC as it is incorporated in their by-law. The NTZ has coordinates north to Lat 51 12.04N, south to Lat 51 10.07N and east from Lundy's shores to Long 004 39.00W. Anchors and diver shot lines within 100m of the Knoll Pins is also prohibited in this zone. The No Take Zone was predicted to be able to enhance populations of fish and shellfish stocks within and outside the closed area by establishing a refuge for fish and shellfish stocks. Greater catches of fish for fishermen around the edges of the closed area was also seen as probable. The island's tourism industry was also seen as a direct beneficiary of the project. The reserve employs the following system (Lundy Org, 2006): Since underwater wildlife

Role Of Data Structures In Programming Languages

Role Of Data Structures In Programming Languages In computer science, a data structure is a particular way of storing and organizing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. It is also known as the logical or mathematical model of a particular organization of data. Data structures are generally based on the ability of a computer to fetch and store data at any place in its memory, specified by an address a bit string that can be itself stored in memory and manipulated by the program. Thus the record and array data structures are based on computing the addresses of data items with arithmetic operations; while the linked data structures are based on storing addresses of data items within the structure itself. Many data structures use both principles, sometimes combined in non-trivial ways Choice of particular data model depends on 2 considerations:- It must be rich enough in structure to mirror the actual relationships of the data in real world. Structure should be simple enough that one can effectively process the data when necessary. Classification of data structure Primitive and Non-primitive : primitive data structures are basic data structure and are directly operated upon machine instructions.Example Integer,character. Non-primitive data structures are derived data structure from the primitive data structures.Example Structure,union,array. Homogeneous and heterogeneous : In homogeneous data structures all the elements will be of same type.Example array. In heterogeneous data structure the elements are of different types.Example structure. Static and Dynamic data structures :In some data structures memory is allocated at the time of compilation such data structures are known as static data structures . If the allocation of memory is at run-time then such data structures are known as Dynamic data structures.Functions such as malloc, calloc,etc.. are used for run-time memory allocation. Linear and Non-linear data structures : Linear data structure maintain a linear relationship between its elements and whose elements form a sequence and every element in structure has unique predecessor and successor. Example array. Non-linear data structures does not maintain hierarichal relationship between the elements. Example tree Some Data Structures And Their role in Programming Languages Stack In computer science, a stack is a last in, first out (LIFO) data structure. History The stack was first proposed in 1955, and then patented in 1957, by the German Friedrich L. Bauer. The same concept was developed independently, at around the same time, by the Australian Charles Leonard Hamblin.. Operations on stacks A stack can have any abstract data type as an element, but is characterized by only two fundamental operations: push and pop. The push operation adds to the top of the list, hiding any items already on the stack, or initializing the stack if it is empty. The pop operation removes an item from the top of the list, and returns this value to the caller. A pop either reveals previously concealed items, or results in an empty list. Simple representation of a stack A stack is a restricted data structure, because only a small number of operations are performed on it. The nature of the pop and push operations also means that stack elements have a natural order. Elements are removed from the stack in the reverse order to the order of their addition: therefore, the lower elements are typically those that have been in the list the longest. In modern computer languages, the stack is usually implemented with more operations than just push and pop. Some implementations have a function which returns the current length of the stack. Another typical helper operation top (also known as peek) can return the current top element of the stack without removing it. Basic architecture of a stack Role of stacks in programming languages Languages such as Adobe PostScript are also designed around language-defined stacks that are directly visible to and manipulated by the programmer. C++s Standard Template Library provides a stack templated class which is restricted to only push/pop operations. Javas library contains a stack class that is a specialization of vectorthis could be considered a design flaw, since the inherited get() method from vector ignores the LIFO constraint of the stack. The simple model provided in a stack-oriented programming language allows expressions and programs to be interpreted simply and theoretically evaluated much more quickly, since no syntax analysis needs to be done, only lexical analysis. The way programs are written lends itself well to being interpreted by machines, which is why PostScript suits printers well for its use. However, the slightly artificial way of writing PostScript programs can result in an initial barrier to understanding the PostScript language and other stack-oriented programming languages. Whilst the capability of shadowing by overriding inbuilt and other definitions can make things difficult to debug and irresponsible usage of this feature can result in unpredictable behaviour it can make certain functionality much simpler. For example, in PostScript usage, the showpage operator can be overridden with a custom one that applies a certain style to the page, instead of having to define a custom operator or to repeat code to generate the style. Implementation In most high level languages, a stack can be easily implemented through an array. What identifies the data structure as a stack in either case is not the implementation but the interface: the user is only allowed to pop or push items onto the array or linked list, with few other helper operations. The following will demonstrate both implementations, using C. Array The array implementation aims to create an array where the first element (usually at the zero-offset) is the bottom. That is, array[0] is the first element pushed onto the stack and the last element popped off. The program must keep track of the size, or the length of the stack. The stack itself can therefore be effectively implemented as a two-element structure in C: typedef struct { int size; int items[STACKSIZE]; } STACK; The push() operation is used both to initialize the stack, and to store values to it. It is responsible for inserting (copying) the value into the ps->items[] array and for incrementing the element counter (ps->size). In a responsible C implementation, it is also necessary to check whether the array is already full to prevent an overrun. void push(STACK *ps, int x) { if (ps->size == STACKSIZE) { fputs(Error: stack overflown, stderr); abort(); } else ps->items[ps->size++] = x; } The pop() operation is responsible for removing a value from the stack, and decrementing the value of ps->size. A responsible C implementation will also need to check that the array is not already empty. int pop(STACK *ps) { if (ps->size == 0){ fputs(Error: stack underflown, stderr); abort(); } else return ps->items[ps->size]; } Procedures A procedure in a stack-based programming language is treated as a data object in its own right. In PostScript, procedures are denoted between { and }. For example, in PostScript syntax, { dup mul } represents an anonymous procedure to duplicate what is on the top of the stack and then multiply the result a squaring procedure. Since procedures are treated as simple data objects, we can define names with procedures, and when they are retrieved, they are executed directly. Dictionaries provide a means of controlling scoping, as well as storing of definitions. Since data objects are stored in the top-most dictionary, an unexpected capability arises quite naturally: when looking up a definition from a dictionary, the topmost dictionary is checked, then the next, and so on. If we define a procedure that has the same name as another already defined in a different dictionary, the local one will be called. Anatomy of some typical procedures Procedures often take arguments. They are handled by the procedure in a very specific way, different from that of other programming languages. Let us examine a Fibonacci number program in PostScript: /fib { dup dup 1 eq exch 0 eq or not { dup 1 sub fib exch 2 sub fib add } if } def We use a recursive definition, and do so on the stack. The Fibonacci number function takes one argument. We first test whether it is 1 or 0. Let us decompose each of the programs key steps, reflecting the stack. Assume we calculate F(4). stack: 4 dup stack: 4 4 dup stack: 4 4 4 1 eq stack: false 4 4 exch stack: 4 false 4 0 eq stack: false false 4 or stack: false 4 not stack: true 4 Since the expression evaluates to true, the inner procedure is evaluated. stack: 4 dup stack: 4 4 1 sub stack: 3 4 fib (we recurse here) stack: F(3) 4 exch stack: 4 F(3) 2 sub stack: 2 F(3) fib (we recurse here) stack: F(2) F(3) add stack: F(2)+F(3) which is the result we wanted. This procedure does not use named variables, purely the stack. We can create named variables by using the /a exch def construct. For example, {/n exch def n n mul} is a square procedure with a named variable n. Assume that /sq {/n exch def n n mul} def and 3 sq is called. Let us analyse this procedure. stack: 3 /n exch stack: /n 3 def stack: empty (it has been defined) n stack: 3 n stack: 3 3 mul stack: 9 which is the result we wanted. Expression evaluation and syntax parsing Calculators employing reverse Polish notation use a stack structure to hold values. Expressions can be represented in prefix, postfix or infix notations. Conversion from one form of the expression to another form may be accomplished using a stack. Many compilers use a stack for parsing the syntax of expressions, program blocks etc. before translating into low level code. Most of the programming languages are context free languages allowing them to be parsed with stack based machines. Example in C #include int main() { int a[100], i; printf(To pop enter -1n); for(i = 0;;) { printf(Push ); scanf(%d, a[i]); if(a[i] == -1) { if(i == 0) { printf(Underflown); } else { printf(pop = %dn, a[i]); } } else { i++; } } } Runtime memory management A number of programming languages are stack oriented, meaning they define most basic operations (adding two numbers, printing a character) as taking their arguments from the stack, and placing any return values back on the stack. For example, Postscript has a return stack and an operand stack, and also has a graphics state stack and a dictionary stack. Forth uses two stacks, one for argument passing and one for subroutine return addresses. The use of a return stack is extremely commonplace, but the somewhat unusual use of an argument stack for a human-readable programming language is the reason Forth is referred to as a stack based language. Almost all computer runtime memory environments use a special stack (the call stack) to hold information about procedure/function calling and nesting in order to switch to the context of the called function and restore to the caller function when the calling finishes. They follow a runtime protocol between caller and callee to save arguments and return value on the stack. Stacks are an important way of supporting nested or recursive function calls. This type of stack is used implicitly by the compiler to support CALL and RETURN statements (or their equivalents) and is not manipulated directly by the programmer. Some programming languages use the stack to store data that is local to a procedure. Space for local data items is allocated from the stack when the procedure is entered, and is deallocated when the procedure exits. The C programming language is typically implemented in this way. Using the same stack for both data and procedure calls has important security implications (see below) of which a programmer must be aware in order to avoid introducing serious security bugs into a program. Linked Lists In computer science, a linked list is a data structure that consists of a sequence of data records such that in each record there is a field that contains a reference(i.e., a link) to the next record in the sequence. A linked list whose nodes contain two fields: an integer value and a link to the next node Linked lists can be implemented in most languages. Languages such as Lisp and Scheme have the data structure built in, along with operations to access the linked list. Procedural languages, such as C, or object-oriented languages, such as C++ and JAVA, typically rely on mutable references to create linked lists. History Linked lists were developed in 1955-56 by Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw and Herbert Simon at RAND Corporation as the primary data structure for their Information Processing Language. Role of linked lists in programming languages Many programming languages such as Lisp and Scheme have singly linked lists built in. In many functional languages. In languages that support Abstract Data types or templates, linked list ADTs or templates are available for building linked lists. In other languages, linked lists are typically built using references together with records. Here is a complete example in C: #include /* for printf */ #include /* for malloc */ typedef struct node { int data; struct node *next; /* pointer to next element in list */ } LLIST; LLIST *list_add(LLIST **p, int i); void list_remove(LLIST **p); LLIST **list_search(LLIST **n, int i); void list_print(LLIST *n); LLIST *list_add(LLIST **p, int i) { if (p == NULL) return NULL; LLIST *n = malloc(sizeof(LLIST)); if (n == NULL) return NULL; n->next = *p; /* the previous element (*p) now becomes the next element */ *p = n; /* add new empty element to the front (head) of the list */ n->data = i; return *p; } void list_remove(LLIST **p) /* remove head */ { if (p != NULL *p != NULL) { LLIST *n = *p; *p = (*p)->next; free(n); } } LLIST **list_search(LLIST **n, int i) { if (n == NULL) return NULL; while (*n != NULL) { if ((*n)->data == i) { return n; } n = (*n)->next; } return NULL; } void list_print(LLIST *n) { if (n == NULL) { printf(list is emptyn); } while (n != NULL) { printf(print %p %p %dn, n, n->next, n->data); n = n->next; } } int main(void) { LLIST *n = NULL; list_add(n, 0); /* list: 0 */ list_add(n, 1); /* list: 1 0 */ list_add(n, 2); /* list: 2 1 0 */ list_add(n, 3); /* list: 3 2 1 0 */ list_add(n, 4); /* list: 4 3 2 1 0 */ list_print(n); list_remove(n); /* remove first (4) */ list_remove(n->next); /* remove new second (2) */ list_remove(list_search(n, 1)); /* remove cell containing 1 (first) */ list_remove(n->next); /* remove second to last node (0) */ list_remove(n); /* remove last (3) */ list_print(n); return 0; Queue A queue is a particular kind of collection in which the entities in the collection are kept in order and the principal (or only) operations on the collection are the addition of entities to the rear terminal position and removal of entities from the front terminal position. This makes the queue a First In First Out. In a FIFO data structure, the first element added to the queue will be the first one to be removed. This is equivalent to the requirement that whenever an element is added, all elements that were added before have to be removed before the new element can be invoked. A queue is an example of a linear data structure. Representation of a Queue Example C Program #include int main(){ int a[100],i,j; printf(To DQueue Enter -1n); for(i=0;;){ printf(NQueue ); scanf(%d,a[i]); if(a[i]==0) break; if(a[i]==-1){ a[i]=0; if(i==0){ printf(Wrongn); continue; } printf(DQueue = %dn,a[0]); for(j=0;j a[j]=a[j+1]; i; } else i++; } for(j=0;j printf(%d ,a[j]); return 0; }

Between Wishes and Beliefs in Wild Grapes Essay -- Wild Grapes Essays

Between Wishes and Beliefs in Wild Grapes      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In "Wild Grapes," Robert Frost demonstrates the complex thoughts and struggles of a woman who lives her life, wishing that she had gained a knowledge that would have made her life different. At the same time, she hopes to preserve the exhilarating way she lives her life. Through the use of character portrayal, metaphor, symbolism, and diction, Robert Frost suggests to the reader that although people know that they should prepare themselves to walk through life, they still listen to their hearts, which causes them to be unprepared for what lies ahead of them. The poem starts with the woman telling a story from her youth, which is engraved traumatically in her mind.    The story that the woman describes is about an incident that happens when her brother takes her to a glade where there is a grape tree standing alone. Her brother starts to climb the tree while she admires the tree filled with the grapes. Climbing even higher and picking some grapes to eat, he bends the tree to try to let her have some. As she picks her own grapes, he tells her to hold the top of the tree. So she holds the tree as she was told. The tree, however, catches and suspends her, and it keeps her there for a minute with its grapes. She starts to cry like a baby and does not know what to do. But she clings to the tree, even though her brother is telling her to let go. Trying to bend the tree down, her brother tells her to wait until he leads her down. Finally, against his advice she falls off the tree and feels the ground with her feet. Since the incident happened, the life that she has been living is something different than what she expects or what people expect . She knows sh... ...o her struggles that are engraved traumatically in her mind.    Robert Frost amazingly demonstrates the woman's complex thoughts through the use of character portrayal, metaphor, symbolism, and diction. He illustrates his clear idea about how she lives her life, having struggles in her mind. Reflecting her life in the story that she tells, the poem presents a journey to find out how and why she lives the way she lives between her wishes and beliefs. Using those devices effectively, Frost presents his ideas clearly and makes a strong impression on the reader. Through his demonstration of her journey of life, he shows the significance of life and its complexity.    Works Cited    Frost, Robert. (1920, December). "Wild Grape." Harper's Magazine [Online], 3 paragraphs. Available: http:// www.bartleby.com/155/15.html [1999, October 6].   

Characteristics of Philippine Literature

CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE Philippine literature is the literature associated with the Philippines and includes the legends of prehistory, and the colonial legacy of the Philippines. Most of the notable literature of the Philippines was written during the Spanish period and the first half of the 20th century in Spanish language. Philippine literature is written in Spanish, English, Tagalog, and/or other native Philippine languages. Philippine literature refers to all literature from the Philippines, written in Spanish, English, Tagalog, and a variety of other Philippine languages.Philippine literature flourished during the Spanish period (nineteenth century) and the first half of the twentieth century. The literature of the Philippines covers a variety of genres, most notably poetry and metrical romances, prose, dramas, religious dramas, and secular dramas.INTRODUCTION TO PHILIPPINE LITERATUREThe history of a nation can be learned in its constitution, its laws and its political statements. But to know the hist ory of a nation’s spirit, you must read its literature. For in literature you can discover how the people of a nation have reacted to the events around them.In the stories, essays and poems contained in this volume, you will read the dreams, anxieties, joys and problems of the Filipino in the past seventy-five years. By reading this development of Philippine Literature you will review what has happened to the Filipino since 1900. But literature offers much more than a mere personalized history. For an important quality of art is to share with others the intense realization of a human experience. Through this sharing, you may recognize your own experiences. You may learn what you are or how you have become what you are. You may even learn what you might be in the future.Philippine literature shows you how the Filipino differs from others. Yet in a sense the Filipino writer is linked with all the other writers of the world. For in explaining or questioning human experience, wri ters are never alone. Philippine Literature in English is really a part of the literatures of the world. A further quality of literature is that the expressions used should be memorable. The language should be clear and forceful so that the ideas strike the reader with almost the same force with which they struck the writer. The early Filipino writers had difficulty in expressing themselves since English was a language new to them.The marvel is that they learned this language so quickly and with such facility. Philippine literature in English reveals the spirit of the Filipino. Gradually this literature has learned to express the deepest of human experiences in words that create memorable images. You may divide Philippine Literature in English into many types and numerous periods. But for our purposes, we shall consider three stages through which the literature has passed. These stages might be called: 1) The Early Period, from 1900 to 1930 2) The Middle Period, from 1930 to 1960 3) The Modern Period, from 1960 to 1974Philippine literature Philippine literature is the literature associated with the Philippines and includes the legends of prehistory, and the colonial legacy of the Philippines, written in both Indigenous, and Hispanic languages. Most of the notable literature of the Philippines was written during the Spanish period and the first half of the 20th century in Spanish language. Philippine literature is written in Spanish, English, Tagalog, and other native Philippine languages.EARLY WORKSâ€Å"Doctrina Christiana†, Manila, 1593, is the first book printed in the Philippines.Tomas Pinpin wrote and printed in 1610 â€Å"Librong Pagaaralan nang mga Tagalog nang Wikang Kastila†, 119 pages designed to help fellow Filipinos to learn the Spanish language in a simple way. He is also credited with the first news publication made in the Philippines, â€Å"Successos Felices†, CLASSICAL LITERATURE IN SPANISH (19TH CENTURY) On December 1, 184 6, La Esperanza, the first daily newspaper, was published in the country. Other early newspapers were La Estrella (1847), Diario de Manila (1848) and Boletin Oficial de Filipinas (1852). The first provincial newspaper was El Eco de Vigan (1884), which was issued in Ilocos.In Cebu City â€Å"El Boletin de Cebu† (The Bulletin of Cebu), was published in 1890. On 1863, the Spanish government introduced a system of free public education that had an important effect on the ability of the population to read in Spanish and further in the rise of an educated class called the Ilustrado (meaning, well-informed). Spanish became the social language of urban places and the true lingua franca of the archipelago. A good number of Spanish newspapers were published until the end of the 1940s, the most influential of them being El Renacimiento, printed in Manila by members of the Guerrero de Ermita family.Some members of the ilustrado group, while residing or studying in Spain, decided to start a literary production in Spanish with the aim of serving the autonomy and/or independence projects. Members of this group included Pedro Alejandro Paterno, who wrote the novel Ninay (first novel written by a Filipino); the Philippine national hero, Jose Rizal, who wrote excellent poetry and two famous novels in Spanish: Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not), and El Filibusterismo'.MODERN LITERATURE (20TH AND 21ST CENTURY)The greatest portion of Spanish literature was written during the American period, most often as an expression of pro-Hispanic nationalism, by those who had been educated in Spanish or had lived in the Spanish-speaking society of the big cities, and whose principles entered in conflict with the American cultural trends. Such period of Spanish literary production—i. e. , between the independence of Spain in 1898 and well ahead into the decade of the 1940s—is known as â€Å"Edad de Oro del Castellano en Filipinas. † Some prominent writers of this era we re Wenceslao Retana and Claro Mayo Recto, both in drama and essay; Antonio M.Abad and Guillermo Gomez Wyndham, in the narrative; Fernando Maria Guerrero and Manuel Bernabe, both in poetry. The predominant literary style was the so called â€Å"Modernismo,† a mixture of elements from the French Parnassien and Symboliste schools, as promoted by some Latin American and Peninsular Spanish writers (e. g. the Nicaraguan Ruben Dario, the Mexican Amado Nervo, the Spaniard Francisco Villaespesa, and the Peruvian Jose Santos Chocano as major models). Apart from the works in Spanish, the only remarkable and valuable Filipino writer writing in the English language is Nick Joaquin.

10 Facts About the Geography of the Pacific Northwest

The Pacific Northwest is the region of the western United States located adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. It runs north to south from British Columbia, Canada, to Oregon. Idaho, parts of Montana, northern California, and southeastern Alaska are also listed as parts of the Pacific Northwest in some accounts. Much of the Pacific Northwest consists of rural forested land; however, there are several large population centers which include Seattle and Tacoma, Washington, Vancouver, British Columbia, and Portland, Oregon. The region of the Pacific Northwest has a long history that was mainly occupied by various Native American groups. Most of these groups are believed to have been engaged in hunting and gathering as well as fishing. Today, there are still visible artifacts from the Pacific Northwests early inhabitants as well as thousands of descendants that still practice historic Native American culture. What to Know About the Pacific Northwest One of the first United States claims to the lands of the Pacific Northwest region came after Lewis and Clark explored the area in the early 1800s.The Pacific Northwest is highly active geologically. The region is dotted with several large active volcanoes in the Cascade Mountain Range. Such volcanoes include such Mount Shasta in northern California, Mount Hood in Oregon, Mount Saint Helens and Rainier in Washington and Mount Garibaldi in British Columbia.There are four mountain ranges dominating the Pacific Northwest. They are the Cascade Range, the Olympic Range, the Coast Range and parts of the Rocky Mountains.Mount Rainier is the highest mountain in the Pacific Northwest at 14,410 feet (4,392 m).The Columbia River, which begins in the Columbia Plateau in western Idaho and flows through the Cascades to the Pacific Ocean, has the second-largest flow of water (behind the Mississippi River) than any other river in the lower 48 states.In general, the Pacific Northwest has a wet and co ol climate which has led to the growth of extensive forests featuring some of the largest trees in the world. The regions coastal forests are considered temperate rainforests. More inland, however, the climate can be drier with more harsh winters and warmer summers.The economy of the Pacific Northwest is varied, but some of the worlds largest and most successful technology companies such as Microsoft, Intel, Expedia, and Amazon.com are located in the region.Aerospace is also an important industry in the Pacific Northwest as Boeing was founded in Seattle and currently  some of its operations  in the Seattle area. Air Canada has a large hub at the Vancouver International Airport.The Pacific Northwest is considered an educational center for both the United States and Canada as large universities such as the University of Washington, the University of Oregon and the University of British Columbia are located there.The dominant ethnic groups of the Pacific Northwest are Caucasian, Me xican and Chinese.